AI infrastructure can keep expanding despite heavy issuance because most Big Five builders have strong operating cash flow and benign leverage. SpaceX is the cash-flow exception. Big Five capex could rise from over $1.3tn in 2027 to over $2.5tn in 2030, requiring multiple trillions in collective issuance and likely material dilution. Financing may cut CoreWeave and Nebius's spending, but even a $100bn cut would be only 3-4% of Big Five 2030 capex. Sustained spending requires visible returns. x.comÂ

