Air Liquide's record EUR 5.5B investment backlog is signed contracts waiting to become earnings, the next leg of growth before it reaches the P&L. Q1 sales rose 3.4% in a flat industrial economy. At 27.3x forward earnings it trades 17% above its 10-year median, but that median came with zero volume growth; if volumes return, earnings accelerate, and the low FCF yield reflects capex for contracted double-digit-IRR projects. Expensive against history, cheap against the turn. x.com x.comÂ

